Upgrade a Windows Server failover cluster with a cluster OS rolling upgrade

Windows Server Datacenter Core 2022 -> 2025

Prepare the cluster for the upgrade.

PS C:\> Get-ClusterNode

Name      State Type
----      ----- ----
HYPER-V-1 Up    Node
HYPER-V-2 Up    Node

PS C:\> Get-CauRun
RunNotInProgress
WARNING: No Updating Run is currently in progress on cluster MyCluster.

PS C:\> Disable-CauClusterRole

Are you sure?
Do you want to disable the Cluster-Aware Updating clustered role on cluster "MyCluster"?
[Y] Yes  [N] No  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):
Disable-CauClusterRole : The current cluster (MyCluster) is not configured with a Cluster-Aware Updating clustered
role.
At line:1 char:1
+ Disable-CauClusterRole
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (:) [Disable-CauClusterRole], ClusterUpdateException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ClusterResourceNotFound,Microsoft.ClusterAwareUpdating.Commands.DisableCauClusterRoleCom
   mand

Transfer workloads off a node.

PS C:\> Suspend-ClusterNode -Name HYPER-V-1 -Drain

Name      State  Type
----      -----  ----
HYPER-V-1 Paused Node

PS C:\> Remove-ClusterNode -Name HYPER-V-1

Remove-ClusterNode
Are you sure you want to evict node HYPER-V-1?
[Y] Yes  [N] No  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):

Collect diagnostic information

PS C:\> Get-NetLbfoTeam

Name                   : Team_Htbt
Members                : {Ethernet4, Ethernet5}
TeamNics               : Team_Htbt
TeamingMode            : SwitchIndependent
LoadBalancingAlgorithm : Dynamic
Status                 : Up

Name                   : Team_Mgmt
Members                : {Ethernet0, Ethernet1}
TeamNics               : Team_Mgmt
TeamingMode            : SwitchIndependent
LoadBalancingAlgorithm : Dynamic
Status                 : Up

Get-ComputerInfo -Property WindowsBuildLabEx,WindowsEditionID | Out-File -FilePath computerinfo.txt
systeminfo.exe | Out-File -FilePath systeminfo.txt
ipconfig /all | Out-File -FilePath ipconfig.txt

Install the new version of Windows Server.

・ Perform an in-place upgrade of Windows Server

PS C:\> diskpart

Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.20348.1

Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: HYPER-V-1

DISKPART> list vol

  Volume ###  Ltr  Label        Fs     Type        Size     Status     Info
  ----------  ---  -----------  -----  ----------  -------  ---------  --------
  Volume 0     D   SSS_X64FREE  UDF    DVD-ROM     5735 MB  Healthy
  Volume 1     C                NTFS   Partition     89 GB  Healthy    Boot
  Volume 2                      FAT32  Partition    100 MB  Healthy    System
  Volume 3                      NTFS   Partition    725 MB  Healthy    Hidden

DISKPART> exit

Leaving DiskPart...
PS C:\> cd D:\
PS D:\> dir

    Directory: D:\

Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-r---          9/6/2024   1:08 PM                boot
d-r---          9/6/2024   1:08 PM                efi
d-r---          9/6/2024   1:08 PM                sources
d-r---          9/6/2024   1:08 PM                support
--r---          9/6/2024   1:07 PM            128 autorun.inf
--r---          9/6/2024   1:07 PM         473364 bootmgr
--r---          9/6/2024   1:07 PM        2746288 bootmgr.efi
--r---          9/6/2024   1:07 PM          99896 setup.exe


PS D:\> Start-Process -FilePath 'D:\setup.exe'

Check in-place upgrade.

PS C:\> Get-ComputerInfo -Property WindowsProductName

WindowsProductName
------------------
Windows Server 2025 Datacenter

Install any new server roles and features, such as NetworkATC .

Install-WindowsFeature -Name "NetworkATC" -IncludeAllSubFeature -IncludeManagementTools

Check network and storage connectivity settings.

PS C:\> Get-NetLbfoTeam

Name                   : Team_Htbt
Members                : {Ethernet4, Ethernet5}
TeamNics               : Team_Htbt
TeamingMode            : SwitchIndependent
LoadBalancingAlgorithm : Dynamic
Status                 : Up

Name                   : Team_Mgmt
Members                : {Ethernet0, Ethernet1}
TeamNics               : Team_Mgmt
TeamingMode            : SwitchIndependent
LoadBalancingAlgorithm : Dynamic
Status                 : Up

PS C:\> ipconfig /all

PS C:\> Get-VMSwitchTeam -Name 'vSwitch'

Name    NetAdapterInterfaceDescription                          TeamingMode       LoadBalancingAlgorithm
----    ------------------------------                          -----------       ----------------------
vSwitch {vmxnet3 Ethernet Adapter, vmxnet3 Ethernet Adapter #2} SwitchIndependent Dynamic

PS C:\> Get-Disk

Number Friendly Name Serial Number                    HealthStatus         OperationalStatus      Total Size Partition
                                                                                                             Style
------ ------------- -------------                    ------------         -----------------      ---------- ----------
1      MSFT Virtu... A1702DA2-7C96-411A-8634-5C829... Healthy              Offline                      2 GB GPT
2      MSFT Virtu... 40271301-BEE2-4852-8AA9-6D473... Healthy              Offline                     50 GB GPT
3      MSFT Virtu... 92844058-3574-485D-8D0D-672E4... Healthy              Offline                  99.85 GB GPT
0      VMware Vir... 6000c29d9547c048baca75c596d05f14 Healthy              Online                      90 GB GPT

Add the upgraded node back to the cluster.

PS C:\> Add-ClusterNode -Cluster 'MyCluster' -Name 'HYPER-V-1'
PS C:\> Get-ClusterNode

Name      State Type
----      ----- ----
HYPER-V-1 Up    Node
HYPER-V-2 Up    Node

PS C:\> Get-ClusterResource

Name                        State  OwnerGroup          ResourceType
----                        -----  ----------          ------------
Cluster Disk 1              Online Cluster Group       Physical Disk
Cluster IP Address          Online Cluster Group       IP Address
Cluster Name                Online Cluster Group       Network Name
SCVMM VM1                   Online SCVMM VM1 Resources Virtual Machine
SCVMM VM1 Configuration     Online SCVMM VM1 Resources Virtual Machine Configuration
Storage Qos Resource        Online Cluster Group       Storage QoS Policy Manager
Virtual Machine Cluster WMI Online Cluster Group       Virtual Machine Cluster WMI

PS C:\> Move-ClusterVirtualMachineRole -Name 'SCVMM VM1 Resources' -Node HYPER-V-1

Name                OwnerNode State
----                --------- -----
SCVMM VM1 Resources HYPER-V-1 Online

Repeat the previous steps for every other node in the cluster.
Update the cluster functional level and storage pool version.

PS C:\> Get-ClusterGroup

Name                OwnerNode State
----                --------- -----
Available Storage   HYPER-V-1 Offline
Cluster Group       HYPER-V-1 Online
SCVMM VM1 Resources HYPER-V-2 Online

PS C:\> Get-ClusterNode

Name      State Type
----      ----- ----
HYPER-V-1 Up    Node
HYPER-V-2 Up    Node

PS C:\> Get-Cluster | Select ClusterFunctionalLevel

ClusterFunctionalLevel
----------------------
                    11

PS C:\> Update-ClusterFunctionalLevel

Updating the functional level for cluster MyCluster.
Warning: You cannot undo this operation. Do you want to continue?
[Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):

Name
----
MyCluster

PS C:\> Get-Cluster | Select ClusterFunctionalLevel

ClusterFunctionalLevel
----------------------
                    12

Resume normal cluster operations and turn on new functionality.

PS C:\> Enable-CauClusterRole

Are you sure?
Do you want to enable the Cluster-Aware Updating clustered role on cluster "MyCluster"?
[Y] Yes  [N] No  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):
Enable-CauClusterRole : The current cluster (MyCluster) is not configured with a Cluster-Aware Updating clustered role.
At line:1 char:1
+ Enable-CauClusterRole
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (:) [Enable-CauClusterRole], ClusterUpdateException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ClusterResourceNotFound,Microsoft.ClusterAwareUpdating.Commands.EnableCauClusterRoleComm
   and

PS C:\> Get-VMHostSupportedVersion -ComputerName HYPER-V-1

Name                                                  Version IsDefault
----                                                  ------- ---------
Microsoft Windows 10 Anniversary Update/Server 2016   8.0     False
Microsoft Windows 10 Creators Update                  8.1     False
Microsoft Windows 10 Fall Creators Update/Server 1709 8.2     False
Microsoft Windows 10 April 2018 Update/Server 1803    8.3     False
Microsoft Windows 10 October 2018 Update/Server 2019  9.0     False
Microsoft Windows 10 May 2019 Update/Server 1903      9.1     False
Microsoft Windows 10 May 2020 Update/Server 2004      9.2     False
Microsoft Windows 10 (Manganese)                      9.3     False
Microsoft Windows Server 2022                         10.0    False
Microsoft Host OS (Cobalt+)                           10.5    False
Microsoft Windows 11 (22H2)                           11.0    False
Microsoft Windows 11 (Copper)                         11.1    False
Microsoft Windows 11 (Zinc)                           11.2    False
Microsoft Windows Server 2025                         12.0    True


PS C:\> Get-VM -ComputerName 'HYPER-V-2'

Name State   CPUUsage(%) MemoryAssigned(M) Uptime           Status             Version
---- -----   ----------- ----------------- ------           ------             -------
VM1  Running 0           1024              00:06:15.1570000 Operating normally 10.0

PS C:\> Update-VMVersion -ComputerName 'HYPER-V-2' -Name * -WhatIf
What if: Performing a configuration version update of "VM1" will prevent it from being migrated to or imported on previous versions of Windows. This operation is not reversible.

Reference

・ Upgrade a Windows Server failover cluster with a cluster OS rolling upgrade

Troubleshooting

Issue: VM Migration failed with Error Id 1155.

PS C:\> Move-ClusterVirtualMachineRole -Name 'SCVMM VM1 Resources' -Node 'HYPER-V-2'
Move-ClusterVirtualMachineRole : Migration failed. Please check the event log for related events.
At line:1 char:1
+ Move-ClusterVirtualMachineRole -Name 'SCVMM VM1 Resources' -Node HYPE ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (:) [Move-ClusterVirtualMachineRole], ClusterCmdletException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : InvalidOperation,Microsoft.FailoverClusters.PowerShell.MoveClusterVirtualMachineRoleCommand


PS C:\> Get-WinEvent -FilterHashTable @{LogName='System'; StartTime=(get-date).AddHours(-1); EndTime=(get-date); Level=3; ProviderName='Microsoft-Windows-FailoverClustering'} | fl *

Message              : The pending move for the role 'SCVMM VM1 Resources' did not complete.
Id                   : 1155
Version              : 0
Qualifiers           :
Level                : 3
Task                 : 3
Opcode               : 0
Keywords             : -9223372036854775808
RecordId             : 2247
ProviderName         : Microsoft-Windows-FailoverClustering
ProviderId           : baf908ea-3421-4ca9-9b84-6689b8c6f85f
LogName              : System
ProcessId            : 4476
ThreadId             : 3728
MachineName          : HYPER-V-1.sj.com
UserId               : S-1-5-18
TimeCreated          : 9/27/2025 9:51:15 AM
ActivityId           :
RelatedActivityId    :
ContainerLog         : System
MatchedQueryIds      : {0}
Bookmark             : System.Diagnostics.Eventing.Reader.EventBookmark
LevelDisplayName     : Warning
OpcodeDisplayName    : Info
TaskDisplayName      : Node Mgr
KeywordsDisplayNames : {}
Properties           : {System.Diagnostics.Eventing.Reader.EventProperty,
                       System.Diagnostics.Eventing.Reader.EventProperty}

The virtual machine is not compatible with the virtualization host (HPYER-V-2.sj.com).
The HYPER-V-1.sj.com is Windows server 2025, The HYPER-V-2.sj.com is Windows server 2022.

Solution:

Shutdown the virtual machine and then migrate.